# Pcap Inspection {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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{% endhint %}
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) is the most relevant cybersecurity event in **Spain** and one of the most important in **Europe**. With **the mission of promoting technical knowledge**, this congress is a boiling meeting point for technology and cybersecurity professionals in every discipline. {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="info" %} A note about **PCAP** vs **PCAPNG**: there are two versions of the PCAP file format; **PCAPNG is newer and not supported by all tools**. You may need to convert a file from PCAPNG to PCAP using Wireshark or another compatible tool, in order to work with it in some other tools. {% endhint %} ## Online tools for pcaps * If the header of your pcap is **broken** you should try to **fix** it using: [http://f00l.de/hacking/**pcapfix.php**](http://f00l.de/hacking/pcapfix.php) * Extract **information** and search for **malware** inside a pcap in [**PacketTotal**](https://packettotal.com) * Search for **malicious activity** using [**www.virustotal.com**](https://www.virustotal.com) and [**www.hybrid-analysis.com**](https://www.hybrid-analysis.com) * **Full pcap analysis from the browser in** [**https://apackets.com/**](https://apackets.com/) ## Extract Information The following tools are useful to extract statistics, files, etc. ### Wireshark {% hint style="info" %} **If you are going to analyze a PCAP you basically must to know how to use Wireshark** {% endhint %} You can find some Wireshark tricks in: {% content-ref url="/pages/zrzoHQ0N23BGYCofWXzM" %} [Wireshark tricks](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/pcap-inspection/wireshark-tricks.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### [**https://apackets.com/**](https://apackets.com/) Pcap analysis from the browser. ### Xplico Framework [**Xplico** ](https://github.com/xplico/xplico)*(only linux)* can **analyze** a **pcap** and extract information from it. For example, from a pcap file Xplico, extracts each email (POP, IMAP, and SMTP protocols), all HTTP contents, each VoIP call (SIP), FTP, TFTP, and so on. **Install** ```bash sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://repo.xplico.org/ $(lsb_release -s -c) main" /etc/apt/sources.list' sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 791C25CE sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install xplico ``` **Run** ``` /etc/init.d/apache2 restart /etc/init.d/xplico start ``` Access to ***127.0.0.1:9876*** with credentials ***xplico:xplico*** Then create a **new case**, create a **new session** inside the case and **upload the pcap** file. ### NetworkMiner Like Xplico it is a tool to **analyze and extract objects from pcaps**. It has a free edition that you can **download** [**here**](https://www.netresec.com/?page=NetworkMiner). It works with **Windows**.\ This tool is also useful to get **other information analysed** from the packets in order to be able to know what was happening in a **quicker** way. ### NetWitness Investigator You can download [**NetWitness Investigator from here**](https://www.rsa.com/en-us/contact-us/netwitness-investigator-freeware) **(It works in Windows)**.\ This is another useful tool that **analyses the packets** and sorts the information in a useful way to **know what is happening inside**. ### [BruteShark](https://github.com/odedshimon/BruteShark) * Extracting and encoding usernames and passwords (HTTP, FTP, Telnet, IMAP, SMTP...) * Extract authentication hashes and crack them using Hashcat (Kerberos, NTLM, CRAM-MD5, HTTP-Digest...) * Build a visual network diagram (Network nodes & users) * Extract DNS queries * Reconstruct all TCP & UDP Sessions * File Carving ### Capinfos ``` capinfos capture.pcap ``` ### Ngrep If you are **looking** for **something** inside the pcap you can use **ngrep**. Here is an example using the main filters: ```bash ngrep -I packets.pcap "^GET" "port 80 and tcp and host 192.168 and dst host 192.168 and src host 192.168" ``` ### Carving Using common carving techniques can be useful to extract files and information from the pcap: {% content-ref url="/pages/FQ82YRuz46FLlEJEvfJN" %} [File/Data Carving & Recovery Tools](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/partitions-file-systems-carving/file-data-carving-recovery-tools.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ### Capturing credentials You can use tools like to parse credentials from a pcap or a live interface.
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) is the most relevant cybersecurity event in **Spain** and one of the most important in **Europe**. With **the mission of promoting technical knowledge**, this congress is a boiling meeting point for technology and cybersecurity professionals in every discipline. {% embed url="" %} ## Check Exploits/Malware ### Suricata **Install and setup** ``` apt-get install suricata apt-get install oinkmaster echo "url = http://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/suricata/emerging.rules.tar.gz" >> /etc/oinkmaster.conf oinkmaster -C /etc/oinkmaster.conf -o /etc/suricata/rules ``` **Check pcap** ``` suricata -r packets.pcap -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -k none -v -l log ``` ### YaraPcap [**YaraPCAP**](https://github.com/kevthehermit/YaraPcap) is a tool that * Reads a PCAP File and Extracts Http Streams. * gzip deflates any compressed streams * Scans every file with yara * Writes a report.txt * Optionally saves matching files to a Dir ### Malware Analysis Check if you can find any fingerprint of a known malware: {% content-ref url="/pages/9IuxBp8wdNxsDZFzG8B7" %} [Malware Analysis](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/malware-analysis.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ## Zeek > [Zeek](https://docs.zeek.org/en/master/about.html) is a passive, open-source network traffic analyzer. Many operators use Zeek as a Network Security Monitor (NSM) to support investigations of suspicious or malicious activity. Zeek also supports a wide range of traffic analysis tasks beyond the security domain, including performance measurement and troubleshooting. Basically, logs created by `zeek` aren't **pcaps**. Therefore you will need to use **other tools** to analyse the logs where the **information** about the pcaps are. ### Connections Info ```bash #Get info about longest connections (add "grep udp" to see only udp traffic) #The longest connection might be of malware (constant reverse shell?) cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.orig_p id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service duration | sort -nrk 7 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 49778 65.52.108.225 443 tcp - 86222.365445 10.55.100.107 56099 111.221.29.113 443 tcp - 86220.126151 10.55.100.110 60168 40.77.229.82 443 tcp - 86160.119664 #Improve the metrics by summing up the total duration time for connections that have the same destination IP and Port. cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += $5 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 65.52.108.225 443 tcp 86222.4 10.55.100.107 111.221.29.113 443 tcp 86220.1 10.55.100.110 40.77.229.82 443 tcp 86160.1 #Get the number of connections summed up per each line cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2] += $3; count[$1 FS $2] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s%s%s\n", key, FS, count[key], FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 4 | head -n 10 10.55.100.100 65.52.108.225 1 86222.4 10.55.100.107 111.221.29.113 1 86220.1 10.55.100.110 40.77.229.82 134 86160.1 #Check if any IP is connecting to 1.1.1.1 cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service | grep '1.1.1.1' | sort | uniq -c #Get number of connections per source IP, dest IP and dest Port cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10 # RITA #Something similar can be done with the tool rita rita show-long-connections -H --limit 10 zeek_logs +---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+ | SOURCE IP | DESTINATION IP | DSTPORT:PROTOCOL:SERVICE | DURATION | +---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+ | 10.55.100.100 | 65.52.108.225 | 443:tcp:- | 23h57m2.3655s | | 10.55.100.107 | 111.221.29.113 | 443:tcp:- | 23h57m0.1262s | | 10.55.100.110 | 40.77.229.82 | 443:tcp:- | 23h56m0.1197s | #Get connections info from rita rita show-beacons zeek_logs | head -n 10 Score,Source IP,Destination IP,Connections,Avg Bytes,Intvl Range,Size Range,Top Intvl,Top Size,Top Intvl Count,Top Size Count,Intvl Skew,Size Skew,Intvl Dispersion,Size Dispersion 1,192.168.88.2,165.227.88.15,108858,197,860,182,1,89,53341,108319,0,0,0,0 1,10.55.100.111,165.227.216.194,20054,92,29,52,1,52,7774,20053,0,0,0,0 0.838,10.55.200.10,205.251.194.64,210,69,29398,4,300,70,109,205,0,0,0,0 ``` ### DNS info ```bash #Get info about each DNS request performed cat dns.log | zeek-cut -c id.orig_h query qtype_name answers #Get the number of times each domain was requested and get the top 10 cat dns.log | zeek-cut query | sort | uniq | rev | cut -d '.' -f 1-2 | rev | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10 #Get all the IPs cat dns.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h query | grep 'example\.com' | cut -f 1 | sort | uniq -c #Sort the most common DNS record request (should be A) cat dns.log | zeek-cut qtype_name | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr #See top DNS domain requested with rita rita show-exploded-dns -H --limit 10 zeek_logs ``` ## Other pcap analysis tricks {% content-ref url="/pages/KiwZUz3J5oxA8BGAn0XS" %} [DNSCat pcap analysis](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/pcap-inspection/dnscat-exfiltration.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/6epKvDWl8FZz3TwsixGh" %} [Wifi Pcap Analysis](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/pcap-inspection/wifi-pcap-analysis.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/MOH0Xyz7sSSmhl4Dow5i" %} [USB Keystrokes](/hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/basic-forensic-methodology/pcap-inspection/usb-keystrokes.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ​
[**RootedCON**](https://www.rootedcon.com/) is the most relevant cybersecurity event in **Spain** and one of the most important in **Europe**. With **the mission of promoting technical knowledge**, this congress is a boiling meeting point for technology and cybersecurity professionals in every discipline. {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)\ Learn & practice GCP Hacking: [**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
Support HackTricks * Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)! * **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.** * **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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