# Video and Audio file analysis

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**Audio and video file manipulation** is a staple in **CTF forensics challenges**, leveraging **steganography** and metadata analysis to hide or reveal secret messages. Tools such as [**mediainfo**](https://mediaarea.net/en/MediaInfo) and **`exiftool`** are essential for inspecting file metadata and identifying content types.

For audio challenges, [**Audacity**](http://www.audacityteam.org/) stands out as a premier tool for viewing waveforms and analyzing spectrograms, essential for uncovering text encoded in audio. [**Sonic Visualiser**](http://www.sonicvisualiser.org/) is highly recommended for detailed spectrogram analysis. **Audacity** allows for audio manipulation like slowing down or reversing tracks to detect hidden messages. [**Sox**](http://sox.sourceforge.net/), a command-line utility, excels in converting and editing audio files.

**Least Significant Bits (LSB)** manipulation is a common technique in audio and video steganography, exploiting the fixed-size chunks of media files to embed data discreetly. [**Multimon-ng**](http://tools.kali.org/wireless-attacks/multimon-ng) is useful for decoding messages hidden as **DTMF tones** or **Morse code**.

Video challenges often involve container formats that bundle audio and video streams. [**FFmpeg**](http://ffmpeg.org/) is the go-to for analyzing and manipulating these formats, capable of de-multiplexing and playing back content. For developers, [**ffmpy**](http://ffmpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/examples.html) integrates FFmpeg's capabilities into Python for advanced scriptable interactions.

This array of tools underscores the versatility required in CTF challenges, where participants must employ a broad spectrum of analysis and manipulation techniques to uncover hidden data within audio and video files.

### References

* <https://trailofbits.github.io/ctf/forensics/>

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